Top-level track meetings are packed into a few months and a few countries. The clustering is driven by conditions and logistics rather than by any decision about where the sport belongs.
The weather window is narrow
Track performance depends on temperature and wind, and sprinting in particular suffers badly in cold conditions where muscles cannot be kept warm between rounds.
That restricts serious outdoor competition to a warm, relatively stable stretch of the year in the temperate zones where most established stadiums sit.
Because the northern summer contains the major championships, the circuit is built to lead into them rather than being spread through the calendar.
Short travel legs make a circuit possible
Athletes competing in consecutive weeks need to move between meetings without long-haul flights, since recovery and adaptation both take days.
A dense cluster of cities within short flying distance allows a promoter to schedule meetings a few days apart with the same field.
Adding a distant meeting breaks the chain, because athletes must choose between it and the two fixtures on either side of it.
Fields are assembled by promoters, not by entry
One-day meetings invite athletes and pay appearance money, so the quality of a field is a commercial decision made months in advance.
Promoters build around athletes their local audience recognizes, which reinforces existing markets and makes launching a meeting elsewhere much harder.
An athlete outside those relationships can be in excellent form and still find no route into a race worth the ranking points.
Stadium access shapes the map
Hosting requires a certified track, permanent field-event facilities and a stadium available in the middle of a summer already busy with other sports.
Cities that host regularly have solved that once and can repeat it annually, while a new host must negotiate the whole arrangement from scratch.
In the United States, most large stadiums are configured for other sports, which limits the number of venues able to stage an elite meeting at all.
Concentration has a cost the sport recognizes
A circuit in one region gives athletes elsewhere fewer domestic opportunities and forces long travel to be competitive at the highest level.
Governing bodies have tried to extend the circuit into other continents, with mixed results, because the underlying logistics do not change with intent.
The sport therefore remains globally contested and regionally staged, which is the source of most disputes about access to competition.


